digraph.txt - html version
digraph.txt - html version
*digraph.txt* For Vim version 5.1. Last modification: 1998 Mar 03
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
Digraphs *digraphs*
Digraphs are used to enter characters that normally cannot be entered by
an ordinary keyboard. These are mostly accented characters which have the
eighth bit set. The digraphs are easier to remember than the decimal number
that can be entered with CTRL-V (see |i_CTRL-V|).
1. Defining digraphs |digraphs-define|
2. Using digraphs |digraphs-use|
3. Default digraphs |digraphs-default|
{Vi does not have any of these commands}
1. Defining digraphs *digraphs-define*
*:dig* *:digraphs*
:dig[raphs] show currently defined digraphs.
:dig[raphs] {char1}{char2} {number} ...
Add digraph {char1}{char2} to the list. {number} is
the decimal representation of the character.
Vim is normally compiled with the |+digraphs| feature. If it has been
disabled, the ":digraph" command will display an error message.
2. Using digraphs *digraphs-use*
There are two methods to enter digraphs: *i_digraph*
CTRL-K {char1} {char2} or
{char1} <BS> {char2}
The first is always available. The second only when the 'digraph' option is
set.
If a digraph with {char1}{char2} does not exist, a digraph {char2}{char1} is
searched for. This will help when you don't remember which character comes
first.
Note that when you enter CTRL-K {char1}, where {char1} is a special key, the
code for that special key is entered. This is not a digraph.
Once you have entered the digraph the character is treated like a normal
character, taking up only one character in the file and on the screen.
Example:
'|' <BS> '|' will enter the double '|' character (166)
'a' <BS> '^' will enter an 'a' with a hat (226)
CTRL-K '-' '-' will enter a minus sign (173)
The default digraphs are listed in the file "digraph.txt" |digraph-table|.
There are two sets: One that is used for MS-DOS and one for the international
standard character set that is mostly used on Unix systems and the Amiga.
With the wrong character set they will look illogical.
For CTRL-K there is one general digraph: CTRL-K <Space> {char} will enter
{char} with the highest bit set. This can be used to enter meta-characters.
The <Esc> character cannot be part of a digraph. When hitting <Esc> the
entering of the digraph is aborted and Insert mode or command-line mode is
ended, just like hitting an <Esc>.
If you accidently typed an 'a' that should be an 'e', you will type 'a' <BS>
'e'. But that is a digraph, so you will not get what you want. To correct
this, you will have to type <BS> e again. To avoid this don't set the
'digraph' option and use CTRL-K to enter digraphs.
You may have problems using Vim with characters which have an ascii value >
128. For example: You insert ue (u-umlaut) and the editor echoes \334 in
Insert mode. After leaving the Insert mode everything is fine. Also fmt
removes all characters with ascii > 128 from the text being formated.
On some Unix systems this means you have to define the environment-variable
LC_CTYPE. If you are using csh then put in your .cshrc following line:
setenv LC_CTYPE iso_8859_1
3. Default digraphs *digraphs-default*
These are the default digraph characters for Vim.
Besides the digraphs listed below, meta characters can be entered with CTRL-K
<Space> {char}. Only <Esc> cannot be used for {char}. Use CTRL-V 155 to
enter meta-ESC (CSI).
The first two characters in each column are the characters you have to type to
enter the digraph.
In the middle of each column is the resulting character. This may be mangled
if you look at this file on something other than the system that they were
meant for or if you print it.
The decimal number is the ASCII code for the character.
*digraph-table*
Default digraphs for machines that are not mentioned below:
~! 161 c| 162 $$ 163 ox 164 Y- 165 || 166 pa 167
"" 168 cO 169 a- 170 << 171 -, 172 -- 173 rO 174
-= 175 ~o 176 +- 177 22 178 33 179 '' 180 ju 181
pp 182 ~. 183 ,, 184 11 185 o- 186 >> 187 14 188
12 189 34 190 ~? 191 A` 192 A' 193 A^ 194 A~ 195
A" 196 A@ 197 AE 198 C, 199 E` 200 E' 201 E^ 202
E" 203 I` 204 I' 205 I^ 206 I" 207 D- 208 N~ 209
O` 210 O' 211 O^ 212 O~ 213 O" 214 /\ 215 O/ 216
U` 217 U' 218 U^ 219 U" 220 Y' 221 Ip 222 ss 223
a` 224 a' 225 a^ 226 a~ 227 a" 228 a@ 229 ae 230
c, 231 e` 232 e' 233 e^ 234 e" 235 i` 236 i' 237
i^ 238 i" 239 d- 240 n~ 241 o` 242 o' 243 o^ 244
o~ 245 o" 246 :- 247 o/ 248 u` 249 u' 250 u^ 251
u" 252 y' 253 ip 254 y" 255
Default digraphs for some HPUX machines:
A` 161 A^ 162 E` 163 E^ 164 E" 165 I^ 166 I" 167
'' 168 `` 169 ^^ 170 "" 171 ~~ 172 U` 173 U^ 174
L= 175 ~_ 176 Y' 177 y' 178 ~o 179 C, 180 c, 181
N~ 182 n~ 183 ~! 184 ~? 185 ox 186 L- 187 Y= 188
pp 189 fl 190 c| 191 a^ 192 e^ 193 o^ 194 u^ 195
a' 196 e' 197 o' 198 u' 199 a` 200 e` 201 o` 202
u` 203 a" 204 e" 205 o" 206 u" 207 Ao 208 i^ 209
O/ 210 AE 211 ao 212 i' 213 o/ 214 ae 215 A" 216
i` 217 O" 218 U" 219 E' 220 i" 221 ss 222 O^ 223
A' 224 A~ 225 a~ 226 D- 227 d- 228 I' 229 I` 230
O' 231 O` 232 O~ 233 o~ 234 S~ 235 s~ 236 U' 237
Y" 238 y" 239 p- 240 p~ 241 ~. 242 ju 243 Pp 244
34 245 -- 246 14 247 12 248 a_ 249 o_ 250 << 251
xx 252 >> 253 +- 254 nu 255
Default digraphs on MS-DOS, OS/2 and Win32-console:
C, 128 u" 129 e' 130 a^ 131 a" 132 a` 133 a@ 134
c, 135 e^ 136 e" 137 e` 138 i" 139 i^ 140 i` 141
A" 142 A@ 143 E' 144 ae 145 AE 146 o^ 147 o" 148
o` 149 u^ 150 u` 151 y" 152 O" 153 U" 154 c| 155
$$ 156 Y- 157 Pt 158 ff 159 a' 160 i' 161 o' 162
u' 163 n~ 164 N~ 165 aa 166 oo 167 ~? 168 -a 169
a- 170 12 171 14 172 ~! 173 << 174 >> 175 ss 225
ju 230 o/ 237 +- 241 >= 242 <= 243 :- 246 ~~ 247
~o 248 22 253
Default digraphs for MiNT:
C, 128 u" 129 e' 130 a^ 131 a" 132 a` 133 a@ 134
c, 135 e^ 136 e" 137 e` 138 i" 139 i^ 140 i` 141
A" 142 A@ 143 E' 144 ae 145 AE 146 o^ 147 o" 148
o` 149 u^ 150 u` 151 y" 152 O" 153 U" 154 c| 155
$$ 156 Y- 157 ss 158 ff 159 a' 160 i' 161 o' 162
u' 163 n~ 164 N~ 165 aa 166 oo 167 ~? 168 -a 169
a- 170 12 171 14 172 ~! 173 << 174 >> 175 ju 230
o/ 237 +- 241 >= 242 <= 243 :- 246 ~~ 247 ~o 248
22 253
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