ip(7tcp)

Synopsis

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 0);

#include <paths.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/if.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>

fd = open(_PATH_UDP, flags);
fd = open(_PATH_TCP, flags);
fd = open(_PATH_RAWIP, flags);

Description

Options are set with setsockopt(3sock) and examined with getsockopt(3sock), at the IPPROTO_IP level.

Several generic options are supported at the IP level:

IP_BROADCAST_IF

Enable the sending of broadcast packets (with destination address 255.255.255.255) out of a local interface specified either as an address using a struct in_addr, or as an interface name or an address using a struct if_select:

/*
 * Structure used to select the interface
 */
struct if_select {
	struct	in_addr notused;/* for compatibility with
				   old IP_BROADCAST_IF */
	int	flags;		/* type of matching performed */
	union {
		char name[IFNAMSIZ];
		struct in_addr	ip;
		struct in6_addr	ipv6;
	} matching;
};

The flags member specifies one of the following formats which can be used to specify the interface:

IF_SELECTED_BY_IP

The member matching.ip specifies the IPv4 address of the interface.

IF_SELECTED_BY_IPV6

Not implemented at present.

IF_SELECTED_BY_NAME

The member matching.name specifies the name of the interface (for example, net1).

IF_SELECTED_BY_NOTHING

No interface specified. The kernel will choose the first interface that it finds that supports broadcasting.

IP_OPTIONS

Used to provide IP options to be transmitted in the IP header of each outgoing packet. The format of IP options to be sent is that specified by the IP protocol specification, with one exception: the list of addresses for Source Route options must include the first-hop gateway at the beginning of the list of gateways. The first-hop gateway address will be extracted from the option list and the size adjusted accordingly before use. IP options may be used with any socket type in the Internet family.

IP_TTL

Set the time-to-live in outgoing IP datagrams. The argument is an unsigned character between 1 and 255.

IP_TOS

Set the type-of-service in outgoing IP datagrams. The argument is an unsigned character. Legal precedence values are defined in RFC 791.

IP_MULTICAST_LOOP

Control whether multicast datagrams are looped back to the local system. Legal values for the character argument are 0 to disable multicast loopback and 1 to enable multicast loopback (default).

IP_MULTICAST_IF

Send multicast datagrams out of the local interface address specified as a struct in_addr. By default, multicast datagrams are sent out of whichever interface is associated with a route to the specified multicast address.

IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP

IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP

Join and leave a multicast group respectively. A multicast group is specified as a argument using the following structure:

   struct ip_mreq {
      struct in_addr imr_multiaddr;  /* IP multicast address of group */
      struct in_addr imr_interface;  /* local IP address of interface */
   };

IP supports the ability to retrieve protocol information for use with UDP using the following boolean options:

IP_RECVDESTADDR

Retrieve the destination address of the datagram. Set the argument to non-zero to enable; set to 0 to disable.

IP_RECVIFINDEX

Retrieve the index of the interface on which the datagram was received (see if(3N)). Set the argument to non-zero to enable; set to 0 to disable.

IP_RECVOPTS

Retrieve the IP options in the datagram. Set the argument to non-zero to enable; set to 0 to disable.

IP_RECVRETOPTS

Retrieve the reflected options for use in replies. Set the argument to non-zero to enable; set to 0 to disable.

By default, outgoing packets automatically have an IP header prepended to them (based on the destination address given and the protocol number the socket is created with). This behavior can be controlled using the following boolean option:

IP_HDRINCL

Set the argument to non-zero to enable automatic prepending of headers; set to 0 to disable. If disabled, the application is responsible for providing the full IP header, including any desired protocol options. Protocol options specified using IP_OPTIONS will be ignored if IP_HDRINCL is set to 0. Fields in the user-supplied header should be specified in network byte order, except for ip_len and ip_off. These fields will be converted to network byte order by IP prior to transmitting the packet. IP will also provide the header checksum.

Incoming packets are received with IP header and options intact.

Raw IP sockets

If proto is 0, the default protocol IPPROTO_RAW is used for outgoing packets, and only incoming packets destined for that protocol are received. If proto is non-zero, that protocol number will be used on outgoing packets and to filter incoming packets.

ioctl commands

SIOCGIFALL

Extract all the available information pertaining to an interface, namely, the ifnet entry, the interface statistics (if available) and the list of addresses associated with the interface. The desired interface is specified by the interface number (sequence number in the list of the interfaces). The following structures are used to extract information pertaining to an interface:

#define IF_MAXADDRS 10
struct ifreq_all {
	struct ifnet if_entry;
#define if_number	if_entry.if_index
	int    if_statsavail;
	struct ifstats if_stats;
	int    if_outqlen;
	int    if_naddr;
	struct all_addrs if_addrs[IF_MAXADDRS];
	/* fetches a max. of IF_MAXADDRS addrs. */
};

struct all_addrs {
	struct sockaddr  addr;
	struct sockaddr  dstaddr;
	struct sockaddr  netmask;
	u_short  flags;
};

SIOCGIPSTUFF

Fetch the IP statistics and other related information. The following structure is passed as an argument to the I_STR ioctl to extract the desired information:

struct ip_stuff {
	struct	ipstat ip_stat;	   /* IP statistics */
	struct	rtstat rt_stat;    /* routing statistics */
	int	ip_forwarding;	   /* are we forwarding? */
	int	ip_default_ttl;	   /* IP TTL */
	int	ipq_ttl;	   /* fragment TTL */
	int	ipq_reasm_reqds;   /* dgrams waiting for reassembly */
	int	icmp_answermask;   /* auth. for mask replies */
	int	ip_sendredirects;  /* sending redirects */
};

SIOCSIPMISC

Manipulate the IP variables ipforwarding and ip_ttl. The following structure is passed as an argument to the I_STR ioctl call:

struct ip_misc {
	int    arg;
	int    ip_forwarding;
	int    ip_default_ttl;
};

The value of the arg field (1 or 2) specifies which of the two variables is to be set.

SIOCSIPTRAP

Designate the ip_pcb associated with this end-point to receive the link-up/down messages from the driver (used by the SNMP agent to send traps to management stations).

Diagnostics

[EADDRNOTAVAIL]

when an attempt is made to create a socket with a network address for which no network interface exists

[EISCONN]

when trying to establish a connection on a socket which already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destination address specified and the socket is already connected

[ENOMEM]

when the system runs out of memory for an internal data structure

[ENOSR]

when the system runs out of STREAMS resources

[ENOTCONN]

when trying to send a datagram, but no destination address is specified, and the socket has not been connected

[EINVAL]

an unknown socket option name was given

[EINVAL]

the IP option field was improperly formed; an option field was shorter than the minimum value or longer than the option buffer provided

[EINVAL]

when an invalid argument is passed to the driver, or when the arg in the structure ip_misc is set to a value other than 1 or 2

References

``Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) parameters'' on the inconfig(1Mtcp) manual page

RFC 791, RFC 919, RFC 922, RFC 950, RFC 1009, RFC 1042, RFC 1112, RFC 1122

Notices