newform(1)

newform -- change the format of a text file

Synopsis

newform [-s] [-itabspec] [-otabspec] [-bn] [-en] [-pn] [-an] [-f] [-cchar] [-ln] [files]

Description

newform reads lines from the named files, or the standard input if no input file is named, and reproduces the lines on the standard output. Lines are reformatted in accordance with command line options in effect. newform processes supplementary code set characters according to the locale specified in the LC_CTYPE environment variable (see LANG on environ(5)), except as noted under the -c option below.

Except for -s, command line options may appear in any order, may be repeated, and may be intermingled with the optional files. Command line options are processed in the order specified. This means that option sequences like -e15 -l60 will yield results different from -l60 -e15. Options are applied to all files on the command line. References to characters below should be interpreted as bytes in multibyte character environments.

-s

Shears off leading characters on each line up to the first tab and places up to 8 of the sheared characters at the end of the line. If more than 8 characters (not counting the first tab) are sheared, the eighth character is replaced by a and any characters to the right of it are discarded. The first tab is always discarded.

An error message and program exit will occur if this option is used on a file without a tab on each line. The characters sheared off are saved internally until all other options specified are applied to that line. The characters are then added at the end of the processed line.

For example, to convert a file with leading digits, one or more tabs, and text on each line, to a file beginning with the text, all tabs after the first expanded to spaces, padded with spaces out to column 72 (or truncated to column 72), and the leading digits placed starting at column 73, the command would be:

newform -s -i -l -a -e file-name

-itabspec

Input tab specification: expands tabs to spaces, according to the tab specifications given. tabspec accepts four types of tab specifications: canned, repetitive, arbitrary and file. -n represents the repetitive tab specification. This format can be used to replace each tab in a file with n spaces. For example,

newform -i-4 file-name

replaces tabs with 4 spaces. For more information about the tabspec formats see tabs(1). In addition, tabspec may be --, in which newform assumes that the tab specification is to be found in the first line read from the standard input (see fspec(4)). If no tabspec is given, tabspec defaults to -8. A tabspec of -0 expects no tabs; if any are found, they are treated as -1.

-otabspec

Output tab specification: replaces spaces by tabs, according to the tab specifications given. The tab specifications are the same as for -itabspec. If no tabspec is given, tabspec defaults to -8. A tabspec of -0 means that no spaces will be converted to tabs on output.

-bn

Truncate n characters from the beginning of the line when the line length is greater than the effective line length (see -ln). Default is to truncate the number of characters necessary to obtain the effective line length. The default value is used when -b with no n is used. This option can be used to delete the sequence numbers from a COBOL program as follows:

newform -l1 -b7 file-name

-en

Same as -bn except that characters are truncated from the end of the line.

-pn

Prefix n characters (see -ck) to the beginning of a line when the line length is less than the effective line length. Default is to prefix the number of characters necessary to obtain the effective line length.

-an

Same as -pn except characters are appended to the end of a line.

-f

Write the tab specification format line on the standard output before any other lines are output. The tab specification format line which is printed will correspond to the format specified in the last -o option. If no -o option is specified, the line which is printed will contain the default specification of -8.

-ck

Change the prefix/append character to k. Default character for k is a space. k must be a single-byte character.

-ln

Set the effective line length to n characters. If n is not entered, -l defaults to 72. The default line length without the -l option is 80 characters. Note that tabs and backspaces are considered to be one character (use -i to expand tabs to spaces).

The -l1 must be used to set the effective line length shorter than any existing line in the file so that the -b option is activated.

Diagnostics

All diagnostics are fatal.

UX:newform:ERROR:usage: ...: newform was called with a bad option.
UX:newform:ERROR:not -s format: There was no tab on one line.
UX:newform:ERROR:can't open file: Self-explanatory.
UX:newform:ERROR:internal line too long: A line exceeds 512 characters after being expanded in the internal work buffer.
UX:newform:ERROR:tabspec in error: A tab specification is incorrectly formatted, or specified tab stops are not ascending.
UX:newform:ERROR:tabspec indirection illegal: A tabspec read from a file (or standard input) may not contain a tabspec referencing another file (or standard input).

0: normal execution
1: for any error

References

csplit(1), fspec(4), tabs(1)

Notices

newform normally only keeps track of physical characters; however, for the -i and -o options, newform will keep track of backspaces in order to line up tabs in the appropriate logical columns.

newform will not prompt the user if a tabspec is to be read from the standard input (by use of -i-- or -o--).

If the -f option is used, and the last -o option specified was -o--, and was preceded by either a -o-- or a -i--, the tab specification format line will be incorrect.