DESCRIPTION
The
telnetd command is a server which supports the DARPA standard TELNET virtual terminal protocol.
telnetd is normally invoked by the internet server (see
inetd(8)) for requests to connect to the TELNET port as indicated by the
/etc/services file (see
services(5)). The
-debug option may be used to start up
telnetd manually, instead of through
inetd(8). If started up this way,
port may be specified to run
telnetd on an alternate TCP port number.
The telnetd command accepts the following options:
-
-a authmode
-
This option may be used for specifying what mode should be used for authentication. Note that this option is only useful if telnetd has been compiled with support for the AUTHENTICATION option. There are several valid values for authmode:
-
debug
-
Turns on authentication debugging code.
-
user
-
Only allow connections when the remote user can provide valid authentication information to identify the remote user, and is allowed access to the specified account without providing a password.
-
valid
-
Only allow connections when the remote user can provide valid authentication information to identify the remote user. The login(1) command will provide any additional user verification needed if the remote user is not allowed automatic access to the specified account.
-
other
-
Only allow connections that supply some authentication information. This option is currently not supported by any of the existing authentication mechanisms, and is thus the same as specifying -a valid.
-
none
-
This is the default state. Authentication information is not required. If no or insufficient authentication information is provided, then the login(1) program will provide the necessary user verification.
-
off
-
This disables the authentication code. All user verification will happen through the login(1) program.
-
-D debugmode
-
This option may be used for debugging purposes. This allows telnetd to print out debugging information to the connection, allowing the user to see what telnetd is doing. There are several possible values for debugmode:
-
options
-
Prints information about the negotiation of TELNET options.
-
report
-
Prints the options information, plus some additional information about what processing is going on.
-
netdata
-
Displays the data stream received by telnetd.
-
ptydata
-
Displays data written to the pty.
-
exercise
-
Has not been implemented yet.
-
-debug
-
Enables debugging on each socket created by telnetd (see SO_DEBUG in socket(2)).
-
-edebug
-
If telnetd has been compiled with support for data encryption, then the -edebug option may be used to enable encryption debugging code.
-
-g gettyent
-
Specifies which entry from /etc/gettytab should be used to get banner strings, login program and other information. The default entry is default.
-
-h
-
Disables the printing of host-specific information before login has been completed.
-
-k
-
This option is only useful if telnetd has been compiled with both linemode and kludge linemode support. If the -k option is specified, then if the remote client does not support the LINEMODE option, then telnetd will operate in character at a time mode. It will still support kludge linemode, but will only go into kludge linemode if the remote client requests it. (This is done by by the client sending DONT SUPPRESS-GO-AHEAD and DONT ECHO.) The -k option is most useful when there are remote clients that do not support kludge linemode, but pass the heuristic (if they respond with WILL TIMING-MARK in response to a DO TIMING-MARK) for kludge linemode support.
-
-l
-
Specifies line mode. Tries to force clients to use line-at-a-time mode. If the LINEMODE option is not supported, it will go into kludge linemode.
-
-n
-
Disable TCP keep-alives. Normally telnetd enables the TCP keep-alive mechanism to probe connections that have been idle for some period of time to determine if the client is still there, so that idle connections from machines that have crashed or can no longer be reached may be cleaned up.
-
-s
-
This option is only enabled if telnetd is compiled with support for secure logins. It causes the -s option to be passed on to login(1), and thus is only useful if login(1) supports the -s flag to indicate that only Kerberos or S/Key validated logins are allowed, and is usually useful for controlling remote logins from outside of a firewall.
-
-S tos
-
This option sets the IP Type-of Service (TOS) option on the connection to the value tos, which may be a numeric TOS value or a symbolic TOS name found in the /etc/iptos file. This option has no effect on NetBSD.
-
-u len
-
This option is used to specify the size of the field in the utmp structure that holds the remote host name. If the resolved host name is longer than len, the dotted decimal value will be used instead. This allows hosts with very long host names that overflow this field to still be uniquely identified. Specifying -u0 indicates that only dotted decimal addresses should be put into the utmp file.
-
-U
-
This option causes telnetd to refuse connections from addresses that cannot be mapped back into a symbolic name via the getnameinfo(3) routine.
-
-X authtype
-
This option is only valid if telnetd has been built with support for the authentication option. It disables the use of authtype authentication, and can be used to temporarily disable a specific authentication type without having to recompile telnetd.
-
-4
-
-
-6
-
Specifies address family to be used on -debug mode. During normal operation (called from inetd(8)) telnetd will use the file descriptor passed from inetd(8).
telnetd operates by allocating a pseudo-terminal device (see pty(4)) for a client, then creating a login process which has the slave side of the pseudo-terminal as stdin, stdout and stderr. telnetd manipulates the master side of the pseudo-terminal, implementing the TELNET protocol and passing characters between the remote client and the login process.
When a TELNET session is started up, telnetd sends TELNET options to the client side indicating a willingness to do the following TELNET options, which are described in more detail below:
DO AUTHENTICATION
WILL ENCRYPT
DO TERMINAL TYPE
DO TSPEED
DO XDISPLOC
DO NEW-ENVIRON
DO ENVIRON
WILL SUPPRESS GO AHEAD
DO ECHO
DO LINEMODE
DO NAWS
WILL STATUS
DO LFLOW
DO TIMING-MARK
The pseudo-terminal allocated to the client is configured to operate in “cooked” mode, and with XTABS and CRMOD enabled (see tty(4)).
telnetd has support for enabling locally the following TELNET options:
-
WILL ECHO
-
When the LINEMODE option is enabled, a WILL ECHO or WONT ECHO will be sent to the client to indicate the current state of terminal echoing. When terminal echo is not desired, a WILL ECHO is sent to indicate that telnetd will take care of echoing any data that needs to be echoed to the terminal, and then nothing is echoed. When terminal echo is desired, a WONT ECHO is sent to indicate that telnetd will not be doing any terminal echoing, so the client should do any terminal echoing that is needed.
-
WILL BINARY
-
Indicates that the client is willing to send a 8 bits of data, rather than the normal 7 bits of the Network Virtual Terminal.
-
WILL SGA
-
Indicates that it will not be sending IAC GA, go ahead, commands.
-
WILL STATUS
-
Indicates a willingness to send the client, upon request, of the current status of all TELNET options.
-
WILL TIMING-MARK
-
Whenever a DO TIMING-MARK command is received, it is always responded to with a WILL TIMING-MARK
-
WILL LOGOUT
-
When a DO LOGOUT is received, a WILL LOGOUT is sent in response, and the TELNET session is shut down.
-
WILL ENCRYPT
-
Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for data encryption, and indicates a willingness to decrypt the data stream.
telnetd has support for enabling remotely the following TELNET options:
-
DO BINARY
-
Sent to indicate that telnetd is willing to receive an 8 bit data stream.
-
DO LFLOW
-
Requests that the client handle flow control characters remotely.
-
DO ECHO
-
This is not really supported, but is sent to identify a 4.2BSD telnet(1) client, which will improperly respond with WILL ECHO. If a WILL ECHO is received, a DONT ECHO will be sent in response.
-
DO TERMINAL-TYPE
-
Indicates a desire to be able to request the name of the type of terminal that is attached to the client side of the connection.
-
DO SGA
-
Indicates that it does not need to receive IAC GA, the go ahead command.
-
DO NAWS
-
Requests that the client inform the server when the window (display) size changes.
-
DO TERMINAL-SPEED
-
Indicates a desire to be able to request information about the speed of the serial line to which the client is attached.
-
DO XDISPLOC
-
Indicates a desire to be able to request the name of the X windows display that is associated with the telnet client.
-
DO NEW-ENVIRON
-
Indicates a desire to be able to request environment variable information, as described in RFC 1572.
-
DO ENVIRON
-
Indicates a desire to be able to request environment variable information, as described in RFC 1408.
-
DO LINEMODE
-
Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for linemode, and requests that the client do line by line processing.
-
DO TIMING-MARK
-
Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for both linemode and kludge linemode, and the client responded with WONT LINEMODE. If the client responds with WILL TM, the it is assumed that the client supports kludge linemode. Note that the [-k] option can be used to disable this.
-
DO AUTHENTICATION
-
Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for authentication, and indicates a willingness to receive authentication information for automatic login.
-
DO ENCRYPT
-
Only sent if telnetd is compiled with support for data encryption, and indicates a willingness to decrypt the data stream.
At the end of a login session, telnetd invokes the ttyaction(3) facility with an action of "telnetd" and user "root" to execute site-specific commands.
BUGS
Some TELNET commands are only partially implemented.
Because of bugs in the original 4.2BSD telnet(1), telnetd performs some dubious protocol exchanges to try to discover if the remote client is, in fact, a 4.2BSD telnet(1).
Binary mode has no common interpretation except between similar operating systems (UNIX in this case).
The terminal type name received from the remote client is converted to lower case.
telnetd never sends TELNET IAC GA (go ahead) commands.