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CGD(4) |
Kernel Interfaces Manual |
CGD(4) |
NAME
cgd — cryptographic disk driver
SYNOPSIS
pseudo-device cgd [count]
DESCRIPTION
The
cgd driver provides the capability of encrypting blocks on their way to and from a disk or partition.
In order to compile support for the cgd into your kernel, you must add the driver to your kernel configuration file. To do this, add a line similar to:
pseudo-device cgd 4 # cryptographic disk driver
The count argument defines how many cgd devices may be configured at a time.
Encryption Algorithms
Currently the following cryptographic algorithms are supported:
-
aes-cbc
-
AES in CBC mode. AES uses a 128 bit blocksize and can accept keys of length 128, 192, or 256. The default key length is 128.
-
3des-cbc
-
Triple DES in CBC mode. Triple DES uses a 64 bit blocksize and is performed in EDE3 mode with a 168 bit key. The key passed to the kernel is 192 bits but the parity bits are ignored.
-
blowfish-cbc
-
Blowfish in CBC mode. Blowfish uses a 64 bit blocksize and can accept keys between 40 and 448 bits in multiples of 8. It is strongly encouraged that keys be at least 128 bits long. There are no performance advantages of using shorter keys. The default key length is 128 bits.
IV Methods
Currently, the following IV Methods are supported:
-
encblkno1
-
This method encrypts the block number of the physical disk block once with the cipher and key provided and uses the result as the IV for CBC mode. This method should ensure that each block has a different IV and that the IV is reasonably unpredictable. This is the default method used by cgdconfig(8) when configuring a new cgd.
-
encblkno8
-
This is the original IV method used by cgd and provided for backward compatibility. It repeatedly encrypts the block number of the physical disk block eight times and uses the result as the IV for CBC mode. This method should ensure that each block has a different IV and that the IV is reasonably unpredictable. The eightfold encryption was not intended and causes a notable performance loss with little (if any) increase in security over a single encryption.
IOCTLS
A
cgd responds to all of the standard disk
ioctl(2) calls defined in
sd(4), and also defines the following:
-
CGDIOCSET
-
Configure the cgd. This ioctl(2) sets up the encryption parameters and points the cgd at the underlying disk.
-
CGDIOCCLR
-
Unconfigure the cgd.
These ioctl(2)'s and their associated data structures are defined in <dev/cgdvar.h> header.
WARNINGS
It goes without saying that if you forget the passphrase that you used to configure a cgd, then you have irrevocably lost all of the data on the disk. Please ensure that you are using an appropriate backup strategy.
FILES
-
/dev/{,r}cgd*
-
cgd device special files.
SEE ALSO
config(1),
ioctl(2),
sd(4),
cgdconfig(8),
MAKEDEV(8)
Roland C. Dowdeswell and John Ioannidis, The CryptoGraphic Disk Driver, Proceedings of the FREENIX Track: 2003 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, USENIX Association, 179-186, June 9-14, 2003, http://www.usenix.org/event/usenix03/tech/freenix03/full_papers/dowdeswell/dowdeswell.pdf.
HISTORY
The cgd driver was written by Roland C. Dowdeswell for NetBSD. The cgd driver originally appeared in NetBSD 2.0.