ATAN2(3) |
Library Functions Manual |
ATAN2(3) |
NAME
atan2, atan2f — arc tangent function of two variables
LIBRARY
Math Library (libm, -lm)
SYNOPSIS
#include <math.h>
double
atan2(double y, double x);
float
atan2f(float y, float x);
DESCRIPTION
The atan2() and atan2f() functions compute the principal value of the arc tangent of y/x, using the signs of both arguments to determine the quadrant of the return value.
RETURN VALUES
The
atan2() function, if successful, returns the arc tangent of
y/x in the range [-pi, +pi] radians. If both
x and
y are zero, the global variable
errno is set to
EDOM. On the VAX:
atan2(y, x) := |
atan(y/x) |
if x > 0, |
|
sign(y)*(pi - atan(\*(Bay/x\*(Ba)) |
if x < 0, |
|
0 |
if x = y = 0, or |
|
sign(y)**(Pi/2 |
if x = 0 y. |
NOTES
The function
atan2() defines "if x > 0,"
atan2(
0,
0) = 0 on a VAX despite that previously
atan2(
0,
0) may have generated an error message. The reasons for assigning a value to
atan2(
0,
0) are these:
-
Programs that test arguments to avoid computing atan2(0, 0) must be indifferent to its value. Programs that require it to be invalid are vulnerable to diverse reactions to that invalidity on diverse computer systems.
-
The atan2() function is used mostly to convert from rectangular (x,y) to polar (r,theta) coordinates that must satisfy x = r∗cos theta and y = r∗sin theta. These equations are satisfied when (x=0,y=0) is mapped to (r=0,theta=0) on a VAX. In general, conversions to polar coordinates should be computed thus:
r := hypot(x,y); ... := sqrt(x∗x+y∗y)
theta := atan2(y,x).
-
The foregoing formulas need not be altered to cope in a reasonable way with signed zeros and infinities on a machine that conforms to IEEE 754; the versions of hypot(3) and atan2() provided for such a machine are designed to handle all cases. That is why atan2(±0, -0) = ±pi for instance. In general the formulas above are equivalent to these:
r := sqrt(x∗x+y∗y); if r = 0 then x := copysign(1,x);
STANDARDS
The atan2() function conforms to ANSI X3.159-1989 (“ANSI C89”).