NAME

fstat — display status of open files

SYNOPSIS

fstat

[-fnv] [-M core] [-N system] [-p pid] [-u user] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION

fstat identifies open files. A file is considered open by a process if it was explicitly opened, is the working directory, root directory, active pure text, or kernel trace file for that process. If no options are specified, fstat reports on all open files in the system.

Options:

-f

Restrict examination to files open in the same file systems as the named file arguments, or to the file system containing the current directory if there are no additional filename arguments. For example, to find all files open in the file system where the directory /usr/src resides, type “fstat -f /usr/src”. Please see the BUGS section for issues with this option.

-M

Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core instead of the default /dev/kmem.

-N

Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default /netbsd.

-n

Numerical format. Print the device number (maj,min) of the file system the file resides in rather than the mount point name; for special files, print the device number that the special device refers to rather than the filename in /dev; and print the mode of the file in octal instead of symbolic form.

-p

Report all files open by the specified process.

-u

Report all files open by the specified user.

-v

Verbose mode. Print error messages upon failures to locate particular system data structures rather than silently ignoring them. Most of these data structures are dynamically created or deleted and it is possible for them to disappear while fstat is running. This is normal and unavoidable since the rest of the system is running while fstat itself is running.

file ...

Restrict reports to the specified files.

The following fields are printed:

USER

The username of the owner of the process (effective UID).

CMD

The command name of the process.

PID

The process ID.

FD

The file number in the per-process open file table or one of the following special names:

text

pure text inode

wd

current working directory

root

root inode

tr

kernel trace file

If the file number is followed by an asterisk (“*”), the file is not an inode, but rather a socket, FIFO, or there is an error. In this case the remainder of the line doesn't correspond to the remaining headers -- the format of the line is described later under SOCKETS.

MOUNT

If the -n flag wasn't specified, this header is present and is the pathname that the file system the file resides in is mounted on.

DEV

If the -n flag is specified, this header is present and is the major/minor number of the device that this file resides in.

INUM

The inode number of the file.

MODE

The mode of the file. If the -n flag isn't specified, the mode is printed using a symbolic format (see strmode(3)); otherwise, the mode is printed as an octal number.

SZ|DV

If the file is not a character or block special file, prints the size of the file in bytes. Otherwise, if the -n flag is not specified, prints the name of the special file as located in /dev. If that cannot be located, or the -n flag is specified, prints the major/minor device number that the special device refers to.

R/W

This column describes the access mode that the file allows. The letter “r” indicates open for reading; the letter “w” indicates open for writing. This field is useful when trying to find the processes that are preventing a file system from being downgraded to read-only.

NAME

If filename arguments are specified and the -f flag is not, then this field is present and is the name associated with the given file. Normally the name cannot be determined since there is no mapping from an open file back to the directory entry that was used to open that file. Also, since different directory entries may reference the same file (via ln(1)), the name printed may not be the actual name that the process originally used to open that file.

SOCKETS

The formatting of open sockets depends on the protocol domain. In all cases the first field is the domain name and the second field is the socket type (stream, dgram, etc.). The remaining fields are protocol dependent. For TCP, it is the address of the tcpcb, and for UDP, the inpcb (socket pcb). For UNIX domain sockets, its the address of the socket pcb and the name of the file if available. Otherwise the address of the connected pcb is printed (if connected). For other domains, the protocol number and address of the socket itself are printed. The attempt is to make enough information available to permit further analysis without duplicating netstat(1).

For example, the addresses mentioned above are the addresses which the “netstat -A” command would print for TCP, UDP, and UNIX domain. For kernels compiled with PIPE_SOCKETPAIR pipes appear as connected UNIX domain stream sockets. A unidirectional UNIX domain socket indicates the direction of flow with an arrow (“<-” or “->”), and a full duplex socket shows a double arrow (“<->”).

For internet sockets fstat also attempts to print the internet address and port for the local end of a connection. If the socket is connected, it also prints the remote internet address and port. An asterisk (“*”) is used to indicate an INADDR_ANY binding.

SEE ALSO

netstat(1), nfsstat(1), ps(1), sockstat(1), systat(1), vmstat(1), fstat(2), iostat(8), pstat(8)

HISTORY

The fstat command appeared in 4.3BSD-Tahoe.

BUGS

Since fstat takes a snapshot of the system, it is only correct for a very short period of time.

Moreover, because DNS resolution and YP lookups cause many file descriptor changes, fstat does not attempt to translate the internet address and port numbers into symbolic names.

Note that the -f option will not list UNIX domain sockets open in the file system, because the pathnames in the sockets may not be absolute and are not deterministic. To find all the UNIX domain sockets, use fstat to list all the sockets, and look for the ones that maybe belong in the file system.